Symbiotic: Journal of Biological Education and Science

Testing the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Eco-Enzymes on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as a Participatory Student Activity in Biotechnology Material for Food Waste Management

Fina Nurul Arifah — 2025-04-16

This study investigates the antimicrobial efficacy of eco-enzymes derived from organic waste, specifically fruit and vegetable peels, against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Eco-enzymes were produced through a simple fermentation process involving kitchen scraps, brown sugar, and water. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using agar diffusion assays, where different concentrations of eco-enzymes were tested against bacterial cultures. Results showed significant inhibition zones, indicating effective antimicrobial properties against both bacterial strains. Higher concentrations of eco-enzymes correlated with larger inhibition zones, highlighting their potential as natural alternatives for bacterial control in various applications, including food processing and wastewater treatment. Furthermore, eco-enzymes contribute to sustainable organic waste management by converting waste into useful bio-sanitizers, floor cleaners, bio-pesticides, and plant fertilizers. This research underscores the dual benefits of eco-enzymes in reducing environmental impact and promoting sustainable development goals.

Pengaruh Variasi Perendaman Terhadap Kadar Hidrogen Sianida (HCN) Pada Keripik Kulit Singkong (Manihot esculenta)

Ahmad Mundzir Romdhani — 2025-04-16

Cassava skin contains toxic compounds that can poison the body if consumed. These dangerous compounds are hydrogen cyanide (HCN). The appropriate cassava skin processing process can trigger a decrease in cyanide levels. As with the processing of cassava skin into delicious cassava skin chips. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of soaking variations on hydrogen cyanide (HCN) levels in cassava skin chips (Manihot esculenta). This type of research is a quantitative experiment. The research method used is steam distillation and titration tests. The selection of cassava skin samples used a simple random sampling technique. This study had 3 treatments including, P1: soaking with water, P2: soaking with salt water, P3: soaking with lime water. Each treatment was repeated 6 times. The data analysis technique used was a single variance analysis (one way anova) with a significance level of 0.05. The results of the study showed that there was a significant effect of soaking variation treatment on hydrogen cyanide (HCN) levels in cassava skin chips with a Sig. value of 0.000. The treatment of soaking in lime water for 7 days has proven effective in reducing cyanide levels by 99.67%.

Literature Review: Dampak Iklim Global terhadap Fenologi Tanaman

Vanesa Cinta Efandri — 2025-04-16

Climate is one of the most important environmental factors and gets a lot of public attention today. This is because climate has an importance on all aspects of life including health, agriculture, and the economy. Climate has an impact on the physiology and phenology of a plant, thus affecting plant growth and production. Plants will adapt to changes in environmental conditions shown through their phenology. The purpose of writing this literature review is to assess the impact caused by climate on the phenology of various plants. The method used is a literature review based on relevant sources related to the title and sourced from databases such as ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and ResearchGate published from 2014-2024. Based on the results of the literature review, it was found that climate greatly affects plant growth and development. Changes in temperature, humidity, sunlight intensity, and rainfall in a place have caused phenological changes in various plants both in the vegetative phase and the generative phase of the plant.

Literatur Review: Kajian Tanaman Obat Untuk Mengatasi Penyakit Sistem Saraf Pusat di Indonesia

Marina Azzahra Nasution — 2025-04-16

Various health disorders related to the central nervous system have a major impact on humans. Various health disorders related to the central nervous system are Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, epilepsy, mental and anxiety disorders in the form of stress, depression. In the consumption of excessive drugs, of course, it will provide sustainable side effects or that the effect of dependence in its use. The utilization of medicinal plants used to overcome various diseases of the central nervous system is one of the alternatives used by the community both in the roots, stems, leaves and other plant parts. Based on the description above, this study aims to examine medicinal plants that are useful for central nervous system disorders such as stress, depression, Parkinson's disease, alzherzair and various other central nervous system disorders.The research method used in this study is an online search or literature study. Based on the results of the literature review, it can be concluded that medicinal plants that are useful for overcoming diseases of the central nervous system are Nutmeg Seeds (Myristica fragrans Houtt), Fennel Fruit (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), Moringa Leaves (Moringa oleifera Lam.), Bacopa monnieri, Bacopa monnieri, and Bacopa monnieri. ), Bacopa monnieri, Centella asiatica, Curcuma longa, Cyperus rotundus, Morinda citrifolia, Withania somnifera , Amethyst Flower (Datura metel Linn), Turmeric Rhizome (Curcuma longa L), Ethanol extract of Senna spectabilis (DC), Essential Oil of Basil Leaves (Ocimum basilicum L).

Efektivitas Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) dan Gula terhadap Kadar Serat Fruit Leather Siwalan (Borassus flabellifer)

Ulfa Maulida Farid — 2025-04-18

Until now, the utilization of siwalan fruit is limited to direct consumption of the fruit. Siwalan fruit processed into siwalan fruit leather can be an alternative food with high fiber. Stabilizers are needed to maintain the physical texture of siwalan fruit leather in order to obtain the appropriate quality. One of them is by adding a concentration of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) and sugar. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) and sugar on the fiber content of siwalan fruit leather (Borassus flabellifer). The fiber content test of siwalan fruit leather used a gravimetric test. The concentration of added sugar and CMC in siwalan fruit leather consisted of 4 treatments and 6 repetitions, namely P1: CMC 0% SUGAR 10%, P2: CMC 0.5% SUGAR 10%, P3: CMC 1.0% SUGAR 15%, P4: CMC 0.5% SUGAR 20%. The addition of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) and sugar has a significant effect on increasing the fiber content of fruit leather siwalan (Borassus flabellifer) with a Sig. value of 0.001 <0.05. The higher the concentration of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC), the fiber content will also increase. The higher the concentration of sugar given, the more it will provide an increase in terms of aroma, taste and texture of fruit leather.

Literature Review: Respon Morfologi Daun Tumbuhan Terhadap Faktor Lingkungan

Hafsya Yelmi Adisti — 2025-04-18

Environmental factors are important in influencing plant growth and development. In adapting to environmental factors, plants will respond through physiology, morphology and anatomy. One of the fastest aspects in responding to changes in environmental factors is leaf morphology, because leaves are the most sensitive and responsive organ to environmental changes. This literature review was written with the aim of knowing the morphological response of leaves to environmental factors. The method used is literature review by reviewing 25 articles selected to obtain 5 national journals, 8 international journals, and 4 indexed journals so that there are 17 articles. Based on the identification of 17 scientific articles, it was found that plants change aspects of leaf morphology such as leaf size, leaf shape, leaf thickness, and leaf colour as a form of adaptation to environmental factors such as climatic factors such as sunlight intensity, humidity, rainfall, and temperature, drought, altitude, anthropogenic environmental factors, water factors and soil factors.

Analisis Perbedaan Kandungan Pigmen Klorofil pada Beberapa Varietas Sayuran (Lactuca sativa dan Amaranthus sp.)

Aura Alfisyahrin — 2025-04-18

Chlorophyll is the primary pigment in plants. Most chlorophyll is found in leaves, and its content varies among different leaves. Chlorophyll functions as an antioxidant for the body. Plants rich in chlorophyll include spinach and lettuce. Spinach and lettuce are popular vegetables among the public due to their high nutritional value. This study aims to determine the differences in chlorophyll content between these two types of vegetables. The research was conducted in the Basic Laboratory of Universitas Samudra using a spectrophotometer to identify the chlorophyll content in lettuce and spinach, determined through calculation methods. The results showed a significant difference in chlorophyll content between spinach and lettuce, particularly between green and red varieties. Green spinach had the highest chlorophyll content, whereas red lettuce had the lowest. This difference is due to pigment variations, where chlorophyll is more dominant in green varieties, while anthocyanin is more dominant in red varieties. Chlorophyll extracts from these vegetables have great potential as a natural antioxidant source that supports overall health, making them an important part of a daily diet.

Identifikasi Spesies Lalat Buah (Drosophila sp.) melalui Pemanfaatan Umpan Buah Pisang (Musa paradisiaca) di Kecamatan Jambi Luar Kota Provinsi Jambi

Aswinda Aswinda — 2025-04-19

Drosophila are small insects that are often found around ripe or rotting fruits. They have a yellow-brown body with striking red eyes. Drosophila are famous for their ability to reproduce quickly. This study aims to identify various types of Drosophila species found in various locations of Mendalo, Jambi. The methods used in the study were experimentation and observation. The trap media used ambon banana fruit (Musa paradisiaca) that had been left to rot. The research was conducted with tools used such as light microscope and LCD microscope to identify Drosophila species. The results revealed that Drosophila species that were successfully identified included D. melanogaster, D. tropicalis, and D. mercatorum, each with different morphological characteristics. From the data obtained, it can be concluded that there are three Drosophila species found in various places in Jambi Luar Kota Sub-District, Jambi.

Implementasi Gamifikasi dalam Pendidikan Biologi (Studi Literatur Sistematis Tahun 2021–2025)

Nurul Saidah — 2025-04-20

Learning innovation is indispensable in the world of education. Challenges in biology learning are lack of student focus, low learning motivation, and student learning outcomes are still less than average. The purpose of this study is so that biology learning has development in learning methods. The benefits of this research are to develop an academic understanding of the impact of gamification on biology learning with evidence of existing journal articles. The type of research used is systematic literature review, which is a method used to analyze, review and explain existing research to answer the formulation of the problem to be researched. The selected journal article must meet the criteria, namely the topic of the application of gamification in biology learning or gamification-based learning media in biology learning, has a time span of 2021 to 2025, the selected journal articles are only those published on google scholar with an index of sinta 2 to sinta 5. The articles reviewed totaled 12 that were relevant to the research. The results of this study show that gamification can significantly increase activeness, learning motivation, student focus, and learning outcomes. Gamification in biology learning can improve quality learning goals.The results of this study show that gamification can significantly increase student activity, learning motivation, focus, and learning outcomes. Gamification in biology learning can improve quality learning objectives.